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Diabetes
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Reduce
the diabetes death rate.
Target:
67.4 deaths per 100,000.
Baseline, 1996-1998: 89.9 deaths per 100,000 persons
were related to diabetes (age adjusted to the year 2000 U.S. standard
population).
Target Setting Method: 25 percent improvement.
Increase
the proportion of adults with diabetes who actively manage their
disease by monitoring through the following clinical and laboratory
measures:
Increase
the proportion of adults with diabetes who have a glycosylated hemoglobin
measurement at least once a year.
Target:
41 percent.
Baseline, 19995-1999: 28.3 percent of adults ages 18
years and older with diabetes had a glycosylated hemoglobin measurement
at least once a year.
Target Setting Method: 45 percent improvement.
Increase
the proportion of older adults with diabetes who have an annual
dilated eye examination.
Target:
73.6 percent.
Baseline, 1995-1999: 66.9 percent of adults ages 18 years
and older with diabetes had an annual dilated eye exam.
Target Setting Method: 10 percent improvement.
Increase
the proportion of older adults with diabetes who have an annual
foot examination.
Target:
84.9 percent.
Baseline, 1995-1999: 77.2 percent of adults ages 18 years
and older with diabetes had an annual foot exam.
Target Setting Method: 10 percent improvement.
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Chronic Disease
- Diabetes
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Diabetes is a disease in which the body is
unable to produce insulin (Type I Diabetes) or properly use the insulin
it does produce (Type II Diabetes). Insulin is a hormone that regulates
sugar (glucose) levels in the body. Without insulin, the amount of
sugar in the blood stays too high, and this disturbs many critical
body functions. If not successfully managed, diabetes can lead to
serious medical complications involving the eyes, heart, kidneys,
blood vessels, nerves, and feet.
Diabetes
is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States and North
Carolina. It is a major contributor to deaths from cardiovascular
disease. Diabetes is the leading cause of blindness, renal failure,
and non-traumatic amputations.
In North Carolina, during 1998,
about 360,000 adults were diagnosed with diabetes. Another 130,000
adults are believed to have diabetes and are not aware of it. Each
day, diabetes causes about 15 deaths, eight leg and foot amputations,
and more than 600 hospitalizations for treatment or surgery for
heart or stroke complications or poor circulation in the feet and
legs.
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Diabetes
was responsible for 14 percent of all hospitalizations, costing approximately
$1.5 billion in 1998, with approximately $645 million being attributed
to secondary complications of diabetes such as cardiovascular disease,
amputation, and renal failure. These facts are disturbing given the
validated efficacy and economic benefits of secondary prevention (controlling
glucose, lipid, and blood pressure levels) and tertiary prevention
(screening for early diabetes complications (eye, foot, and kidney
abnormalities), followed by appropriate treatment and prevention strategies.
Inadequate access to proper diabetes prevention
and control programs is a major issue. There is a significant gap
between what is known about the current practice of care and the
recommended standard of care. Diabetes services, such as self-management
training programs or eye-retina examinations, are often not part
of routine diabetes care. These essential diabetes services often
are provided by specialists and many diabetes "at risk"
reside in medically underserved areas or are without adequate insurance
and do not receive these types of preventive services. Diabetes,
especially its serious complications, disproportionately affect
certain racial/ethnic populations, older adults, and the rural and
economically disadvantaged. Within the past five years, the incidence
of Type II diabetes has been rising among school age children.
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Disparities
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Diabetes is approximately 57 percent more
common among African American/Blacks than Whites. African American/Blacks
are approximately three times as likely to die from diabetes as Whites.
One in five African American/Blacks over the age of 65 has diabetes.
Diabetes-associated renal failure is two and a half times as high
in Hispanic/Latino individuals with diabetes compared to Whites. Most
population studies indicate that American Indians are at very high
risk for diabetes, and North Carolina has the largest American Indian
population in the eastern United States. Diabetes is more common among
people over age 60. Diabetes, and especially its serious complications,
disproportionately affect rural and the economically disadvantaged
people. |
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Family history of the disease, improper nutrition
(diet high in fat and processed foods as well as high in total calories),
obesity; lack of physical activity, and difficulties in managing disease
due to rural living conditions, limited access to health care, lack
of economic resources, and lack of education |
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NC
Data
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Chronic
Disease -Diabetes |
